Health Insurance Glossary O

Out-of-Pocket Costs

Insured health care costs for which one is responsible, because of the application of deductibles, coinsurance and co-payments.

Out-of-pocket maximum

Total amount an insured will be required to pay for covered medical services during a specified period, such as one year. The out-of-pocket maximum may also be called the stop-loss limit or catastrophic expense limit.

Lateral (outer) knee pain

Outer knee pain, also known as lateral knee pain, refers to pain experienced on the outer side of the knee joint. This pain typically affects the right side of the right knee or the left side of the left knee. In some cases, the pain may be localised to the knee itself, while in others, it may radiate up the thigh.

Obesity in adults

Obesity is characterised by an excess of body fat that may have adverse effects on health. Approximately two-thirds of adults in the UK are overweight or obese. Maintaining a healthy weight or losing excess weight, if necessary, is crucial for various health reasons. Fortunately, there is ample support available for achieving and maintaining a healthy weight.

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterised by obsessive, intrusive thoughts or compulsive behaviours, or both. OCD can affect individuals of all ages, including children. The condition can be distressing and significantly disrupt daily life. However, treatments such as cognitive-behavioural therapy and antidepressant medications are often effective in managing symptoms and improving quality of life.

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs when breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep, leading to interruptions in sleep. This can result in excessive daytime sleepiness. Fortunately, there are strategies to improve symptoms and various treatment options available to manage OSA effectively.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a condition characterised by painful and stiff joints, commonly affecting areas such as the hips and knees. This condition can lead to reduced joint function. It is the most prevalent form of arthritis in the UK, typically impacting individuals aged 45 and older.

Osteopathy for lower back pain

Osteopathy is a method of diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal conditions, particularly those affecting muscles and the skeleton, like lower back pain. It emphasises the structure and function of the entire body, positing that overall health and wellness hinge on the smooth interaction of the skeleton, muscles, ligaments, and connective tissues.

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a condition characterised by the gradual weakening and fragility of bones, increasing the likelihood of fractures. It can affect anyone.

Outer ear infection (otitis externa)

An outer ear infection, also known as otitis externa, occurs when the outer ear canal becomes inflamed, resulting in pain and itching. The outer ear canal is the tube leading into the ear.

Ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer occurs when cells in or around the ovaries begin to grow abnormally and uncontrollably. While it is most common in women over 50, younger women can also develop ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cyst removal

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop in or on the ovaries. In many cases, cysts are benign and resolve on their own. However, surgery may be necessary to remove a cyst if it is causing pain or if there is concern about the possibility of cancer.

Ovarian cysts

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form in or on the ovaries and can occur at any age. Most cysts are asymptomatic and benign, resolving without treatment. However, surgical removal may be necessary if the cyst is large, symptomatic, or if there is concern about cancer.

Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism)

An overactive thyroid, also known as hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis, occurs when the thyroid gland produces an excess of thyroid hormone. Symptoms may include weakness, fatigue, anxiety, irritability, and weight loss. Treatment aims to reduce thyroid hormone levels and typically alleviates symptoms.

Over-the-counter painkillers

Over-the-counter (OTC) painkillers are medications available for purchase without a prescription from a doctor. They can typically be bought from pharmacies or shops. Examples of OTC painkillers include paracetamol, ibuprofen, low-dose codeine, dihydrocodeine, and aspirin.

Overweight in children

Overweight and obesity in children occur when they have excessive body fat. This prevalent issue affects up to four in 10 children by the time they finish primary school. Being overweight can lead to health complications, particularly later in life, and may impact a child's self-esteem and mental well-being. Addressing this issue involves implementing healthy dietary changes and promoting physical activity. Involving the entire family in these efforts tends to be most effective.